Organizing
Organizing is a systematic process of structuring, integrating, coordinating task, goals, and activities to resources in order to attain objectives.
Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of the objectives.
It also involves the design of individual jobs within the organization.
Concepts of organizational structure
A sole proprietor with one or two employees doesn’t need an organizational structure. The more complex the business, the more important the structure become- it determines who wields authority and who has responsibility for particular projects or goals. There is no single ideal organizational structure. We can use whatever structural concept works best for our company.
Functional structure
Basing our structure on employee functions is a simple concept for organizing the company. Different functions such as marketing, finance, human resources and internet technology each have their own department and each department focuses exclusively on that function.
Divisional structure
Divisions are mini- companies built around particular products or regions. Each division contains all the functions necessary to handle business for that region or product line. Because everyone in the division shares a common goal, such as boosting sales for their products, there’s more cross function cooperation.
Process structure
The process structure divides the organization around processes, such as research, manufacturing, and sales. Unlike a purely functional structure, a process- based organization considers how the different processes related to each other and customer. The sales process doesn’t begin until the manufacturing process produces something to sell: manufacturing, in turn, waits for research and development to create the product.
Matrix structure
The matrix structure is often overlaid on the top of a company’s functional structure to tackle projects that involve multiple departments. Project managers recruit staff for their teams for different department departments so that all the necessary functions work on it together. This offers companies flexibility and a better use of resources than a purely functional model.
Process of organizing
Organizing is a process of establishing work relation, the flow of work and information and grouping of activities, identification of authority and responsibility of employees in the organization. Various steps of organizing process are discussed below:-
Identification of task
All the relevant activities and task are identified. A number of activities depend upon the objectives of the organization. It should be done effectively such that no important activity is omitted or repeated.
Grouping jobs
Once all the activities are identified the next step is a grouping of the related jobs. This leads to set up of the departments and divisions in the organization like production department, finance department, marketing department and personnel department.
Assigning work
When activities are divided among departments the next step would be to appoint suitable persons for the various tasks. Experts in their fields are appointed as heads of their departments and for lower positions, people are appointed.
Delegation of authority
When some work is assigned to someone then he/she must be given some authority to do work effectively. Assigning work and delegation goes parallel to each other. Assigning work without proper authority is meaningless.
Coordination
As all activities in the organization are distinct but they are interdependent so there must be coordination among the departments. In absence of coordination ultimate goal of the organization will not be achieved. The success of the organization is fully dependent on better coordination between the different divisions and managers.
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